My name is Maria. I love to play Dynasty Warriors and love to discover Chinese three kingdoms history and japanese history too. Both of them are good!! I hope i will find a person with the same hobby with me, because i am too lonely. At school or at home. Nobody care about me at school. So, please take a look for me and let's share a stories. I like Anime and manga also.
I am bishonen lovers or pretty boys. Pretty Boys are cute!! For example, Lu Xun from Dynasty Warriors is very very cute. I like him very much plus his personality are patient (i like this the most) clever (wow!) respectful (how great!) and inexperienced (make him so cute).. Please do not think negative if i like yaoi!! I don't like that one. From DW i am like Wu history!! Ok, to make you all not getting confused with what i am talking about let's discuss the story, i mean, history of the great three kingdoms of China!! Start!!!
At the 1 or 2 century of China. There are three kingdoms who dominated the land of China, There are Shu, Wu and Wei kingdoms. Those are kingdoms are an enemy. They want to get an Emperor seat of China.
Collapse of Dynastic Power
What is traditionally thought of as the beginning of the "unofficial" Three Kingdoms Period is the
Yellow Turban Rebellion led by
Zhang Jiao in 184. The year long revolt devastated northern China, as Zhang's religious sect, the Way of Peace, battled the weakened Han Empire, whose army was led by
He Jin. The Way of Peace was primarily composed of farmers who had suffered greatly under the corrupt government system and thus easily converted by Zhang Jiao to create a "new and peaceful world." The rebellion ended when Zhang Jiao died of illness, but the chaos the rebellion wrought, when combined with the natural disasters that had overrun China in the same period, destabilized the Han Dynasty and doomed it to fall. The rebellion also caused the central government to increase the allowance of military power of the local governments, which is one of the causes of the warring period that followed.
The series of events leading to the collapse of dynastic power and the rise of
Cáo Cāo are extremely complex. The death of
Emperor Ling in May 189 led to an unstable regency under General-in-chief He Jin and renewed rivalry between the factions of the
eunuchs and regular civil bureaucracy. Following the assassination of He Jin, his chief ally the Colonel-Lieutenant of Retainers
Yuan Shao led a massacre of the eunuchs in the imperial palaces in
Luoyang. This event prompted the invitation of frontier general
Dong Zhuo to enter Luoyang from the northwest boundary of China. At the time China faced the powerful barbarians of
Qiang tribe to the northwest, and thus Dong Zhuo controlled a large army with elite training. When he brought the army to Luoyang, he was able to easily overpower the existing armies of both sides and took control of the imperial court, ushering in a period of civil war across China.
Dong Zhuo then manipulated the succession so that the future
Emperor Xian could take the throne in lieu of his elder half-brother. Dong Zhuo, while ambitious, genuinely wished for a more capable emperor. On his way to Luoyang, he encountered a small team of soldiers protecting the two sons of Emperor Ling fleeing the war zone. In the encounter, Dong Zhuo acted arrogantly and threatening, causing the elder half-brother to be paralyzed with fear; the younger brother, future Emperor Xian, responded calmly with authority and commanded Dong Zhuo to protect the royal family with his army to return to the Imperial Court.
While Dong Zhuo originally wanted to re-establish the authority of Han Empire and manage all the political conflict properly, his political capability proved to be much worse than his military leadership. His behaviour grew more and more violent and authoritarian, executing or sending into exile all that opposed him, and showed less and less respect to the Emperor. He ignored all royal etiquette and openly carried weapons into the imperial court frequently. In 190
a coalition led by Yuan Shao was formed between nearly all the provincial authorities in the eastern provinces of the empire against Dong Zhuo. The mounting pressure from repeated defeat on the southern frontline against the
Sun Jian forces drove the Han Emperor and later Dong Zhuo himself west to
Chang'an in May 191.
Dong Zhuo once again demonstrated his political shortcomings by forcing millions of residents of Luoyang to migrate to Chang'an. He then set fire to Luoyang, preventing occupation by his enemies and destroying the biggest city in China at that time. In addition, he ordered his army to slaughter a whole village of civilians. The soldiers beheaded civilians and carried their heads into Chang'an to show off as war trophies, pretending to have had a great victory against his enemies. A year later Dong Zhuo was killed in a
coup d'etat by
Wang Yun and
Lü Bu.
Rise of Cao Cao
In 191, there was some talk among the coalition of appointing
Liu Yu, an imperial relative, as
emperor, and gradually its members began to fall out. Most of the warlords in the coalition, with a few exceptions, sought the increase of personal military power in the time of instability instead of seriously wishing to restore the Han Dynasty's authority. The Han empire was divided between a number of regional warlords. Yuan Shao occupied the northern area of
Ye and extended his power, by taking over his superior
Han Fu with trickery and intimidation, north of the
Yellow River against
Gongsun Zan, who
held the northern frontier. Cáo Cāo, directly to Yuan's south, was engaged in a struggle against
Yuan Shu and
Liu Biao, who occupied respectively the Huai River basin and Middle
Yangzi regions. Further (The picture is Cao Cao he is appear in the Koei GAme, Dynasty Warriors 6)
south the young warlord
Sun Ce, taking over after the untimely death of
Sun Jian, was establishing his rule in the Lower Yangzi, albeit as a subordinate of Yuan Shu. In the west,
Liu Zhang held Yizhou province while
Hanzhong and the northwest were controlled by a motley collection of smaller warlords such as
Ma Teng of Xiliang, the original post of Dong Zhuo.
Dong Zhuo, confident in his success, was slain by his own adopted son,
Lu Bu and his father-in-law Wang Yun. Lu Bu, in turn, was attacked by Dong Zhuo's supporters,
Li Jue,
Guo Si,
Zhang Ji (Zhang Xiu's Uncle) and
Fan Chou. Wang Yun and his whole family were executed. Lu fled to
Zhang Yang, a northern warlord, and remained with him for a time before briefly joining Yuan Shao, but it was clear that Lu Bu was far too independent to serve another.
In August 195, Emperor Xian fled the tyranny of Li Jue at Chang'an and made a year long hazardous journey east in search of supporters. By 196, when he was received by
Cao Cao, most of the smaller contenders for power had either been absorbed by larger ones or destroyed. This is an extremely important move for Cao Cao with the suggestion from his primary advisor,
Xun Yu, commenting that by supporting the authentic Emperor, Cao Cao would have the formal legal authority to control the other warlords and force them to comply in order to restore the Han dynasty.
Cao Cao, whose zone of control was the precursor to the Kingdom of Wei, had raised an army in the winter of 189. In several strategic movements and battles, he controlled the Dui province and defeated several factions of the Yellow Turban rebels. This earned him the aid of other local militaries controlled by
Zhang Miao and
Chen Gong, who joined his cause to create his first sizable army. He continued the effort and absorbed approximately 300,000
Yellow Turbans into his army as well as a number of clan-based military groups particular to the eastern side of Qing province. In 196 he established an imperial court at
Xuchang and developed military agricultural colonies (
tuntian) to support his army. Although the system imposed a heavy tax for hired civilian farmers (40% to 60% of agricultural production), the farmers were more than pleased to be able to work with relative stability and professional military protection in a time of chaos. This was later said to be his second important policy to success.
In 194, Cao Cao went to war with
Tao Qian of
Xuzhou, whose officers had executed his whole family. Tao Qian received the support of
Liu Bei and
Gongsun Zan, but even then, it seemed as if Cao Cao's superior forces would overrun Xuzhou entirely. However, Cao Cao received word that
Lu Bu had seized Yan province in Cao Cao's absence, and thus, he retreated, putting a halt to hostilities with Tao Qian for the time being. Tao Qian died that same year, leaving his province to Liu Bei. A year later, in 195, Cao Cao managed to drive Lu Bu out of Yan. Lu Bu fled to Xuzhou and was received by Liu Bei, and an uneasy alliance began between the two.
In the south,
Sun Ce, then an independent general under the service of Yuan Shu, defeated the warlords of
Yangzhou, including
Liu Yao,
Wang Lang, and
Yan Baihu. The speed with which Sun Ce accomplished his conquests led to his nickname, "Little Conqueror" (小霸王), a reference to the late
Xiang Yu. In 197, Yuan Shu, who was at odds with Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, and Liu Bei, felt assured of victory with his subordinate's conquests, and thus declared himself emperor of the Cheng Dynasty. The move, however, was a tactical blunder, as it drew the ire of many warlords across the land, including Yuan Shu's own subordinate Sun Ce, who had advised Yuan Shu not to make such a move. Cao Cao issued orders to Sun Ce to attack Yuan Shu. Sun Ce complied, but first convinced Cao Cao to form a coalition against Yuan Shu, of which Liu Bei and Lu Bu were members. Attacked on all sides, Yuan Shu was defeated and fled into hiding.
Afterwards, Lu Bu betrayed Liu Bei and seized Xuzhou, forming an alliance with Yuan Shu's remnant forces. Liu Bei fled to Cao Cao, who accepted him. Soon, preparations were made for an attack on Lu Bu, and the combined forces of Cao Cao and Liu Bei besieged Xia Pi. Lu Bu's officers deserted him, Yuan Shu's forces never arrived as reinforcements, and he was bound by his own officers
Song Xian and
Wei Xu and executed along with many of his officers. Thus, the man known as the mightiest warrior in the land was no more.
In 200,
Dong Cheng, an officer of the Imperial Court, received a secret edict from the Emperor to assassinate Cao Cao. He collaborated with Liu Bei on this effort, but Cao Cao soon found out about the plot and had Dong Cheng and his co-conspirators executed, with only Liu Bei surviving and fleeing to the Yuan Shao in the north.
After settling the nearby provinces, including a rebellion led by former Yellow Turbans, and internal affairs with the court, Cao Cao turned his attention north to Yuan Shao, who himself had eliminated his northern rival Gongsun Zan that same year. Yuan Shao, himself of higher nobility than Cao Cao, amassed a large army and camped along the northern bank of the Yellow river.
In 200, after winning a decisive battle against Liu Biao at Shaxian and putting down the rebellions of Xu Gong and others, Sun Ce was struck by an arrow and fatally wounded. On his deathbed, he named his younger brother,
Sun Quan, as his heir.
Following months of planning, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao met in force at
Guandu. Overcoming Yuan's superior numbers, (actual numbers vary in different sources, but Yuan Shao having a manifestly superior number is universally accepted) Cao Cao decisively defeated him by setting fire to his supplies, and in doing so crippled the northern army. Liu Bei fled to Liu Biao of Jing province, and many of Yuan Shao's forces were destroyed. In 202, Cao Cao took advantage of Yuan Shao's death and the resulting division among his sons to advance north of the Yellow River. He captured
Ye in 204 and occupied the provinces of Ji, Bing, Qing and You. By the end of 207, after a lightning campaign against the
Wuhuan barbarians,
Cao Cao had achieved undisputed dominance of the
North China Plain.
Three Emperors In the first month of 220, Cao Cao died and in the tenth month his son Cao Pi forced Emperor Xian to abdicate, thus ending the Han Dynasty. He named his state Wei and made himself emperor at Luoyang. In 221, Liu Bei named himself Emperor of Han, in a bid to restore the fallen Han dynasty. (His state is known to history as "Shu" or "Shu Han".) In the same year, Wei bestowed on Sun Quan the title of King of Wu. A year later, Shu Han troops declared war on Wu and met the Wu armies at the Battle of Yiling. At Yiling, Liu Bei was disastrously defeated by Sun Quan's commander Lu Xun and forced to retreat back to Shu, where he died soon afterward. After the death of Liu Bei, Shu and Wu resumed friendly relations at the expense of Wei, thus stabilizing the tripartite configuration. In 222, Sun Quan renounced his recognition of Cao Pi's regime and, in 229, he declared himself emperor at Wuchang.
Dominion of the north completely belonged to Wei, whilst Shu occupied the southwest and Wu the central south and east. The external borders of the states were generally limited to the extent of Chinese civilization. For example, the political control of Shu on its southern frontier was limited by the Tai tribes of modern Yunnan and Burma, known collectively as the Southern Barbarians (南蠻).
Decline and end of Three KingdomsFrom the late 230s tensions began to become visible between the imperial Cao clan and the Sima clan. Following the death of
Cao Zhen, factionalism was evident between
Cao Shuang and the Grand Commander
Sima Yi. In deliberations, Cao Shuang placed his own supporters in important posts and excluded Sima, whom he regarded as a threat. The power of the Sima clan, one of the great landowning families of the Han, was bolstered by Sima Yi's military victories. Additionally,
Sima Yi was an extremely capable strategist and politician. In 238 he crushed the rebellion of
Gongsun Yuan and brought the Liaodong region directly under central control. Ultimately, he outmaneuvered
Cao Shuang in power play. Taking advantage of an excursion by the imperial clansmen to the Gaoping tombs, Sima undertook a
putsch in Luoyang, forcing Cao Shuang's faction from authority. Many protested to the overwhelming power of the Sima family; notable of which were the
Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. One of the sages, Xi Kang, was executed as part of the purges after Cao Shuang's downfall.
Falls of ShuThe decreasing strength of the Cao clan was mirrored by the decline of Shu. After
Zhuge Liang's death, his position as
Lieutenant Chancellor fell to
Jiang Wan,
Fei Yi and
Dong Yun, in that order. But after 258, Shu politics became increasingly controlled by the eunuch faction and corruption rose. Despite the energetic efforts of
Jiang Wei, Zhuge's
protege, Shu was unable to secure any decisive achievement. In 263, Wei launched a three-pronged attack and the Shu army was forced into general retreat from Hanzhong. Jiang Wei hurriedly held a position at
Jian'ge but he was outflanked by the Wei commander
Deng Ai, who force-marched his army from Yinping through territory formerly considered impassable. By the winter of the year, the capital Chengdu fell due to the strategic invasion of Wei by Deng Ai who invaded Chengdu personally. The emperor
Liu Shan thus surrendered. The state of Shu had come to an end after forty-three years.
Falls of WeiCao Huan succeeded to the throne in 260 after
Cao Mao was killed by
Sima Zhao. Soon after, Sima Zhao died and his title as Lord of Jin was inherited by his son
Sima Yan. Sima Yan immediately began plotting to become Emperor but faced stiff opposition. However, due to advice from his advisors, Cao Huan decided the best course of action would be to abdicate, unlike his predecessor Cao Mao. Sima Yan seized the throne in 264 after forcing Cao Huan's abdication, effectively overthrowing the Wei Dynasty and establishing the successor
Jin Dynasty. This situation was similar to the deposal of
Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty by
Cao Pi, the founder of the Wei Dynasty.
Falls of WuFollowing Sun Quan's death and the ascension of the young
Sun Liang as emperor in 252, the kingdom of Wu went into a period of steady decline. Successful Wei suppression of rebellions in the
Huainan region by
Sima Zhao and
Sima Shi reduced any opportunity of Wu influence. The fall of Shu signaled a change in Wei politics. After Liu Shan surrendered to Wei,
Sima Yan (grandson of Sima Yi), overthrew the Wei emperor and proclaimed his own dynasty of Jin in 264, ending forty-six years of Cao dominion in the north. After Jin's rise, Emperor
Sun Xiu of Wu died, and his ministers left the throne to
Sun Hao. Sun Hao was a promising young man, but upon ascension he became a tyrant, killing or exiling all who dared oppose him in the court. In 269 Yang Hu, Jin commander in the south, started preparing for the invasion of Wu by ordering the construction of a fleet and training of marines in Sichuan under Wang Jun. Four years later,
Lu Kang, the last great general of Wu, died, leaving no competent successor. The planned Jin offensive finally came in the winter of 279. Sima Yan launched five simultaneous offensives along the Yangzi River from Jianye to Jiangling whilst the
Sichuan fleet sailed downriver to Jing province. Under the strain of such an enormous attack, the Wu forces collapsed and
Jianye fell in the third month of 280. Emperor Sun Hao surrendered and was given a
fiefdom to live out his days on. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms era, and the beginning of a break in the upcoming 300 years of chaos
Ok that's the History!!! Dynasty Warriors game is based on that's history.
